From the 2008 Holiday Lectures—Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory

Clive Wearing: A man without memory

Clive Wearing has lost his ability to remember and lives in a perpetual state of having just awoken. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

1 minute 15 seconds
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Demo: Phrenology

Dr. Kandel illustrates the practice of the now-debunked theory of phrenology. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

1 minute 4 seconds
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A patient with conduction aphasia

A patient can both comprehend and articulate language, but cannot verbalize what is a clear idea in her mind. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

1 minute 9 seconds
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Clive Wearing plays piano despite memory deficit

Even though Clive Wearing cannot remember people or events, his piano-playing skills are intact. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

1 minute 6 seconds
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Demo: SHH concentration and eye position

A reduction in the level of sonic hedgehog (SHH) gene expression can lead to cyclopia. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

1 minute 22 seconds
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Demo: The electrical activity of Dr. Jessell's arm

A live recording of muscle activity from Dr. Jessell's biceps and triceps muscles. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

2 minutes 15 seconds
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Growth cones in action

The growth cones of two neurons sense and interact with one another. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

34 seconds
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Long-distance neuronal path-finding

Retinal axons travel across the brain, reading navigation cues, to find appropriate targets. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

31 seconds
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Contact repulsion of a growth cone

A growth cone contacts a repellant molecule on another axon, collapses, and withdraws. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

1 minute 5 seconds
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Computer analysis of human movement

Dr. Jessell's leg muscle activation patterns are recorded during walking. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

56 seconds
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Demo: Testing a student's proprioceptive reflex

A knee-jerk reflex depends on a simple circuit of proprioceptive sensory neurons and spinal motor neurons. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

1 minute 21 seconds
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Demo: Proprioception makes raising a mug easy

The average person has no difficulty raising a coffee mug. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

52 seconds
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Without proprioception, raising a mug is difficult

A person with a disease that kills proprioceptive neurons has severe problems with the simplest of movements. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

1 minute 36 seconds
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Behavior of mice that lack proprioception

Genetically engineered mice lacking proprioceptive sensory axons are not capable of well-coordinated walking. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

25 seconds
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Walking versus hopping

In a giraffe's walk, left and right limbs move alternately, while in a kangaroo's hop, opposing limbs move together. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

1 minute 12 seconds
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Dr. Jessell's muscle activity when he hops or walks

Electrical activity recorded from the leg muscles reveals different patterns of activation during different gaits. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

45 seconds
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Mutant mice with crossed excitation hop

Kangaroo-like hopping when spinal cord excitatory interneurons cross the midline to stimulate both sides. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

1 minute 18 seconds
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Ian Waterman: Compensating for proprioceptive loss

In the absence of proprioceptive feedback, some individuals can compensate by using visual feedback. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

1 minute 41 seconds
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Demo: Touching thumb to fingers with proprioception

Proprioceptive feedback makes it easy to touch one's thumb to one's fingers without looking. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

57 seconds
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Waterman touching thumb to fingers without feedback

In the absence of proprioception and visual feedback, it is impossible to touch thumb to fingers accurately. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

1 minute 15 seconds
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Demo: Using spatial memory to clear an obstacle

Even without visual feedback, we are able to negotiate an obstacle using spatial memory. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

2 minutes 9 seconds
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Cat remembers obstacle location for many minutes

Even when distracted by food, the cat's brain encodes and retains the location of an obstacle. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

1 minute 39 seconds
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Demo: Meet a live Aplysia californica

Aplysia californica is a marine snail with a simple nervous system suitable for research on learning and memory. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

1 minute 40 seconds
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Aplysia's gill-withdrawal reflex and sensitization

A touch to the Aplysia's siphon causes a gill withdrawal, a simple reflex for studying memory. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

1 minute 25 seconds
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Mice navigate a Barnes maze to test spatial learning

Mice can be trained to use spatial cues to navigate a maze that tests their ability to remember specific locations. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

2 minutes 14 seconds
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Visualizing learning

Dr. Harshad Vishwasrao guides you through a collection of images showing neuronal growth and synaptic formation representative of anatomical changes that occur during learning. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

5 minutes 39 seconds
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Interview with Dr. Thomas Jessell

An interview with Dr. Jessell. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

6 minutes 12 seconds
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Interview with Dr. Eric Kandel

An interview with Dr. Kandel. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

6 minutes 20 seconds
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Interview with Dr. Adam Hantman

An interview with Dr. Adam Hantman, a post-doctoral student in Thomas Jessell's lab. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

3 minutes 25 seconds
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Interview with Tessa Hirschfeld-Stoler

An interview with Tessa Hirschfeld-Stoler, a lab technician in Eric Kandel's lab. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

3 minutes 23 seconds
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Interview with Priya Rajasethupathy

An interview with Priya Rajasethupathy, an M.D./Ph.D. student in Eric Kandel's lab. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

3 minutes 44 seconds
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Interview with Dr. Laskaro Zagoraiou

An interview with Dr. Laskaro Zagoraiou, a post-doctoral student in Thomas Jessell's lab. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

3 minutes 31 seconds
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From the 2003 Holiday Lectures—Learning From Patients: The Science of Medicine

Learning from Mice: The Science of Transgenic Technology

What do humans, flies, and worms have in common? More than you might think. See how transgenic organisms are engineered, and how they enable researchers to study genetic diseases. Also featured on the DVD Learning from Patients: The Science of Medicine, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

11 minutes 7 seconds
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Spinocerebellar Ataxia Case Study

Dr. Huda Zoghbi interviews Milan Cloud, a patient who has inherited the neurological disorder spinocerebellar ataxia 1, or SCA1. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Learning from Patients: The Science of Medicine, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

3 minutes 29 seconds
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Rett Syndrome

Dr. Zoghbi introduces the topic of Rett syndrome by showing how development usually progresses in a young girl. She then shows an excerpt from Silent Angels, introduced by Julia Roberts, which shows how Rett syndrome affects development. Also featured on the DVD Learning from Patients: The Science of Medicine, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

2 minutes 51 seconds
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Rett Syndrome Mouse

Dr. Zoghbi shows how a mouse that has been given the gene responsible for Rett syndrome exhibits some of the same neurological symptoms as human Rett patients. Also featured on the DVD Learning from Patients: The Science of Medicine, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

1 minute 13 seconds
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SCA1 Mouse on Rotarod

Dr. Zoghbi demonstrates how mice that have been given the gene responsible for spinocerebellar ataxia 1 (SCA1) are tested on a device called a rotarod to quantify the amount of ataxia present. Also featured on the DVD Learning from Patients: The Science of Medicine, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

34 seconds
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Interview with Dr. Huda Zoghbi

An interview with Dr. Zoghbi. Also featured on the DVD Learning from Patients: The Science of Medicine, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

5 minutes 51 seconds
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Interview with Jennifer Gatchel

An interview with Jennifer Gatchel, a scientist in Dr. Zoghbi's lab. Also featured on the DVD Learning from Patients: The Science of Medicine, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

4 minutes 50 seconds
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From the 2007 Holiday Lectures—AIDS: Evolution of an Epidemic

Adherence and resistance

Adam Barrett, a nurse who is HIV positive, discusses his first symptoms and the challenges of adhering to a drug regimen. Also featured on the DVD AIDS: Evolution of an Epidemic, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

7 minutes 41 seconds
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Adhering to an antiretroviral regimen

Adam Barrett describes his seven-drug antiretroviral regimen and the importance of adherence. Also featured on the DVD AIDS: Evolution of an Epidemic, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

1 minute 9 seconds
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Benefits of an antiretroviral regimen

Zinhle Thabethe describes how antiretroviral therapy has changed her life. Also featured on the DVD AIDS: Evolution of an Epidemic, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

1 minute 50 seconds
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CTL killing a target cell

Video microscopy of a cytotoxic T lymphocyte in action. Also featured on the DVD AIDS: Evolution of an Epidemic, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

1 minute 16 seconds
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Demo: Rapid AIDS virus test

A live demonstration of how a rapid antibody-based HIV test works. Also featured on the DVD AIDS: Evolution of an Epidemic, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

7 minutes 40 seconds
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Demo: Student adherence activity

Using tic tac mints as anti-HIV drug stand-ins, students experience the challenges of adhering to an antiretroviral regimen. Also featured on the DVD AIDS: Evolution of an Epidemic, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

4 minutes 18 seconds
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First AIDS patients

Dr. Michael Gottlieb was the first physician to notice the new disease of AIDS. Also featured on the DVD AIDS: Evolution of an Epidemic, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

5 minutes 40 seconds
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HIV's origins in Africa

Dr. Beatrice Hahn discusses how HIV originated in Africa by cross-species transmission from chimpanzees to humans. Also featured on the DVD AIDS: Evolution of an Epidemic, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

1 minute 12 seconds
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Living with HIV

Catherine Gaynes, an HIV-positive patients, discusses her HIV diagnosis, how her family reacted, and avoiding HIV infection. Also featured on the DVD AIDS: Evolution of an Epidemic, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

4 minutes 46 seconds
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Origin of HIV

Dr. Beatrice Hahn's research has traced the origin of HIV to chimpanzees in Cameroon. Also featured on the DVD AIDS: Evolution of an Epidemic, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

5 minutes 31 seconds
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South Africa: The "gogo" (grandmother)

When parents die of AIDS, the orphans often go to live with a "gogo," the Zulu word for grandmother. Also featured on the DVD AIDS: Evolution of an Epidemic, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

2 minutes 7 seconds
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South Africa: St. Mary's Hospital

How a South African hospital is coping with the HIV/AIDS epidemic and its many related healthcare issues. Also featured on the DVD AIDS: Evolution of an Epidemic, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

4 minutes 11 seconds
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South Africa: Traditional healers

Doctors hope to encourage healers to direct their patients to clinics for TB and AIDS-related diseases. Also featured on the DVD AIDS: Evolution of an Epidemic, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

2 minutes 19 seconds
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South Africa: Tuberculosis

A glimpse of the TB ward at a South African hospital, illustrating an illness associated with the AIDS epidemic. Also featured on the DVD AIDS: Evolution of an Epidemic, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

3 minutes 8 seconds
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South Africa: Umndeni "Family" Care Program

A program designed to provide health care and housing to South Africans living in poverty. Also featured on the DVD AIDS: Evolution of an Epidemic, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

3 minutes 51 seconds
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South Africa: WhizzKids

Using soccer to teach children how to make important life choices and how to avoid HIV infection. Also featured on the DVD AIDS: Evolution of an Epidemic, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

3 minutes 5 seconds
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Symptoms of acute HIV infection

Adam Barrett remembers his symptoms of acute HIV infection. Also featured on the DVD AIDS: Evolution of an Epidemic, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

57 seconds
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Interview with Bisola Ojikutu

An interview with Dr. Ojikutu. Also featured on the DVD AIDS: Evolution of an Epidemic, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

5 minutes
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Interview with Bruce Walker

An interview with Dr. Walker. Also featured on the DVD AIDS: Evolution of an Epidemic, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

4 minutes 56 seconds
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Interview with Kwame Atsina

An interview with Kwame Atsina, an undergraduate who discusses what it's like to be in a lab doing scientific research. Also featured on the DVD AIDS: Evolution of an Epidemic, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

4 minutes 3 seconds
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Interview with Silvia Caballero

An interview with Silvia Caballero, an undergraduate who discusses what it's like to be in a lab doing scientific research. Also featured on the DVD AIDS: Evolution of an Epidemic, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

4 minutes 8 seconds
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Interview with Tobi Ogbechie

An interview with Tobi Ogbechie, an undergraduate who discusses what it's like to be in a lab doing scientific research. Also featured on the DVD AIDS: Evolution of an Epidemic, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

3 minutes 43 seconds
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Interview with Katie Walter

An interview with Katie Walter, an undergraduate who discusses what it's like to be in a lab doing scientific research. Also featured on the DVD AIDS: Evolution of an Epidemic, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

3 minutes 27 seconds
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From the 1999 Holiday Lectures—2000 and Beyond: Confronting the Microbe Menace

Bacterial Growth

Dr. Brett Finlay shows how bacteria can grow rapidly to incredible numbers, and also explains what limits this explosive growth. Also featured on the DVD 2000 and Beyond: Confronting the Microbe Menace, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

54 seconds
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Cheek Cells and Bacteria

Dr. Brett Finlay enlists a student volunteer to show the surprisingly high amount of bacteria found in his own mouth. Also featured on the DVD 2000 and Beyond: Confronting the Microbe Menace, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

1 minute 27 seconds
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Listeria Infection Demonstration

Dr. Finlay and a student volunteer show how Listeria infects a cell, using a marble and some yellow gelatin. Also featured on the DVD 2000 and Beyond: Confronting the Microbe Menace, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

1 minute 4 seconds
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Listeria Video

This microscope video shows how live Listeria move via actin filaments in an infected cell. Also featured on the DVD 2000 and Beyond: Confronting the Microbe Menace, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

1 minute 7 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (6 MB)/ WMV (8 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (2 MB)/ WMV (2 MB)

Penicillin acting on bacteria

Penicillin, as shown in this video, causes the cell walls of bacteria to rupture. Also featured on the DVD 2000 and Beyond: Confronting the Microbe Menace, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

33 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (0.8 MB)/ WMV (1 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (0.4 MB)/ WMV (0.3 MB)

Salmonella Infection Demonstration

Dr. Finlay and another student volunteer illustrate how Salmonella infects a cell, using a marble, plastic wrap, and some yellow gelatin. Also featured on the DVD 2000 and Beyond: Confronting the Microbe Menace, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

1 minute 20 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (13 MB)/ WMV (18 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (5 MB)/ WMV (5 MB)

Salmonella Video

Salmonella are a common bacteria associated with food poisoning. Dr. Finlay shows live Salmonella under the microscope to demonstrate how far and fast they can move. Also featured on the DVD 2000 and Beyond: Confronting the Microbe Menace, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

37 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (13 MB)/ WMV (18 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (5 MB)/ WMV (5 MB)

Size Analogies of Bacteria and Viruses

Dr. Finlay and Dr. Richard Ganem use physical analogies to compare the size of bacteria and viruses relative to a standard mammalian cell. Also featured on the DVD 2000 and Beyond: Confronting the Microbe Menace, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

1 minute 43 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (9 MB)/ WMV (12 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (4 MB)/ WMV (3 MB)

Transmission of Disease on an Airplane

Dr. Finlay, using his student audience, gives a live demonstration of how an antibiotic-resistant strain of tuberculosis managed to spread through the passengers on an airplane. Also featured on the DVD 2000 and Beyond: Confronting the Microbe Menace, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

2 minutes 4 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (15 MB)/ WMV (19 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (6 MB)/ WMV (5 MB)

Virulence Injection Simulation

Using a bagel, a syringe, and blue dye to illustrate how some virulent strains of bacteria inject virulence factors into a cell. Also featured on the DVD 2000 and Beyond: Confronting the Microbe Menace, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

2 minutes
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (13 MB)/ WMV (17 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (5 MB)/ WMV (5 MB)

Planarian Regeneration and Stem Cells

A mini-documentary discussing the remarkable regenerative capabilities of the planarian, and how HHMI researcher Alejandro Sánchez Alvarado uses them to study the biology of stem cells. Also featured on the DVD Potent Biology: Stem Cells, Cloning, and Regeneration, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

11 minutes 46 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (114 MB)/ WMV (156 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (38 MB)/ WMV (39 MB)

Cultured Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Cell cultures derived from human embryonic stem cells can reproduce indefinitely and also differentiate into specialized cell types, including beating heart cells. Also featured on the DVD Potent Biology: Stem Cells, Cloning, and Regeneration, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

1 minute 17 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (8 MB)/ WMV (11 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (3 MB)/ WMV (3 MB)

Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Video

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is performed looking through a microscope and using small glass pipettes to handle human eggs and to remove and transfer nuclei from one cell to another. SCNT is used to produce clones of cells with the same genetic background as the donor nucleus. Also featured on the DVD Potent Biology: Stem Cells, Cloning, and Regeneration, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

1 minute 59 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (4 MB)/ WMV (7 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (2 MB)/ WMV (2 MB)

DNA Gene Chip Explanation

Dr. Melton describes the process used to extract DNA from a cell and to analyze it on a gene chip. Also featured on the DVD Potent Biology: Stem Cells, Cloning, and Regeneration, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

51 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (13 MB)/ WMV (20 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (6 MB)/ WMV (6 MB)

Antlers and Mammalian Regeneration

Dr. Rosenthal describes how antlers are one of the few examples of complete mammalian regeneration. Also featured on the DVD Potent Biology: Stem Cells, Cloning, and Regeneration, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

2 minutes 18 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (24 MB)/ WMV (35 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (9 MB)/ WMV (9 MB)

Heart Attack and Blocked Arteries

Dr. Rosenthal uses a model of a heart and an artery to describe how blockages lead to heart attack and tissue damage. Also featured on the DVD Potent Biology: Stem Cells, Cloning, and Regeneration, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

51 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (25 MB)/ WMV (38 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (10 MB)/ WMV (10 MB)

Interview with Douglas Melton

An interview with Dr. Melton. Also featured on the DVD Potent Biology: Stem Cells, Cloning, and Regeneration, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

5 minutes 6 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (38 MB)/ WMV (56 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (15 MB)/ WMV (15 MB)

Interview with Nadia Rosenthal

An interview with Dr. Rosenthal. Also featured on the DVD Potent Biology: Stem Cells, Cloning, and Regeneration, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

4 minutes 55 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (48 MB)/ WMV (71 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (18 MB)/ WMV (18 MB)

Interview with Amy Greenwood and Alice Chen

An interview with Amy Greenwood and Alice Chen, two scientists in Dr. Melton's lab. Also featured on the DVD Potent Biology: Stem Cells, Cloning, and Regeneration, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

6 minutes 58 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (85 MB)/ WMV (124 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (29 MB)/ WMV (30 MB)

Interview with Olivier Mirabeau

An interview with Olivier Mirabeau, a scientist in Dr. Rosenthal's lab. Also featured on the DVD Potent Biology: Stem Cells, Cloning, and Regeneration, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

5 minutes 4 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (73 MB)/ WMV (100 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (21 MB)/ WMV (22 MB)

Interview with Mumna Al Banchaabouchi

An interview with Dr Mumna Al Banchaabouchi, researcher in the Mouse Phenotyping Core at EMBL in Monterotondo Italy.

2 minutes 55 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (25 MB)/ WMV (29 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (9 MB)/ WMV (9 MB)

Interview with Jose Gonzales

An interview with Dr. Jose Gonzales, Manager of the Laboratory Animal Resources and Knockout Mouse Facility at EMBL in Monterotondo Italy.

4 minutes 11 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (36 MB)/ WMV (42 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (14 MB)/ WMV (12 MB)

Stickleback Fossil Primer

A brief introduction to how stickleback fossils are collected and used to study evolution. It also shows the students who attended the 2005 Holiday Lectures taking part in a fossil-collecting activity. Also featured on the DVD Evolution: Constant Change and Common Threads, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

9 minutes, 25 MB

Breeding Corn from Teosinte

Corn was originally bred from the teosinte plant by native Mexican farmers. The morphologies of modern-day corn and teosinte plants are compared to illustrate how artificial selection can bring about dramatic changes in plants. Also featured on the DVD Evolution: Constant Change and Common Threads, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

52 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (13 MB)/ WMV (16 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (4 MB)/ WMV (4 MB)

Dog Breeding

The many forms of dogs that exist today were all created through selective breeding from the dog's ancestor, the wolf. In a span of less than 10,000 years, breeders have changed traits and body shapes of dogs by artificial selection-for example, emphasizing different aspects of hunting and herding behavior. Also featured on the DVD Evolution: Constant Change and Common Threads, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

1 minute 52 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (14 MB)/ WMV (20 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (5 MB)/ WMV (5 MB)

Fruit Fly Courtship

Male courtship dances in two fruit fly species show that the wing spots play a prominent role. Also featured on the DVD Evolution: Constant Change and Common Threads, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

55 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (4 MB)/ WMV (8 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (2 MB)/ WMV (1 MB)

Galapagos Creatures

These are some of the animal species Charles Darwin would have seen when he visited the Galapagos Islands. Also featured on the DVD Evolution: Constant Change and Common Threads, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

24 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (6 MB)/ WMV (8 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (2 MB)/ WMV (2 MB)

Stickleback Environment

At the end of the ice age, the retreating ice sheet created many new lakes, some of which were colonized by sticklebacks. The presence of different predators in different lakes dictated the subsequent evolution of each isolated lake stickleback over the course of about 10,000 years. Some groups kept their spines to use against predatory fish, such as trout. Others lost their spines, perhaps to evade aquatic insect predators. Also featured on the DVD Evolution: Constant Change and Common Threads, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

1 minute 26 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (9 MB)/ WMV (13 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (4 MB)/ WMV (3 MB)

Fossil Record of Stickleback Evolution

In a quarry in Nevada, stickleback evolution that took place 10 million years ago can be observed with remarkable accuracy by following a progression of fossils. Over a period of about 15,000 years, an initial population of pelvic-reduced sticklebacks is rapidly replaced by sticklebacks with a full pelvis, but then this new population gradually re-evolves into a pelvic-reduced form. Also featured on the DVD Evolution: Constant Change and Common Threads, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

1 minute 26 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (8 MB)/ WMV (11 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (4 MB)/ WMV (3 MB)

Stickleback Fish on Jeopardy!

The identity of the stickleback fish stumps the contestants on the game show. Also featured on the DVD Evolution: Constant Change and Common Threads, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

2 minutes 2 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (16 MB)/ WMV (23 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (7 MB)/ WMV (5 MB)

Interview with Sean Carroll

An interview with Dr. Carroll. Also featured on the DVD Evolution: Constant Change and Common Threads, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

4 minutes 55 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (63 MB)/ WMV (84 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (23 MB)/ WMV (23 MB)

Interview with David Kingsley

An interview with Dr. Kingsley. Also featured on the DVD Evolution: Constant Change and Common Threads, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

4 minutes 41 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (91 MB)/ WMV (120 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (27 MB)/ WMV (29 MB)

Interview with Stephanie Nuñez

An interview with Stephanie Nuñez, an HHMI EXROP student in Dr. Kingsley's lab. Also featured on the DVD Evolution: Constant Change and Common Threads, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

4 minutes 37 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (42 MB)/ WMV (59 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (16 MB)/ WMV (15 MB)

Interview with Chris Hittinger

An interview with Chris Hittinger, a scientist in Dr. Carroll's lab. Also featured on the DVD Evolution: Constant Change and Common Threads, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

4 minutes 45 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (59 MB)/ WMV (84 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (22 MB)/ WMV (22 MB)

Marathon Mouse

Dr. Ronald Evans discusses the so-called "marathon" mouse, with a mutation in the PPAR-gamma gene, and its performance on a treadmill relative to a normal mouse. Also featured on the DVD Science of Fat, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

52 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (6 MB)/ WMV (8 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (2 MB)/ WMV (2 MB)

Mouse Activity

Dr. Evans compares the activity of a normal mouse to one with a mutation in a key gene controlling obesity. Also featured on the DVD Science of Fat, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

29 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (6 MB)/ WMV (8 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (2 MB)/ WMV (2 MB)

Pima Indians

A clip about the Pima Indian tribe and how environment has affected them. Also featured on the DVD Science of Fat, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

2 minutes 35 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (21 MB)/ WMV (27 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (7 MB)/ WMV (6 MB)

Interview with Dr. Ronald Evans

An interview with Dr. Evans. Also featured on the DVD Science of Fat, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

5 minute 19 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (45 MB)/ WMV (65 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (21 MB)/ WMV (19 MB)

Interview with Dr. Jeffrey Friedman

An interview with Dr. Friedman. Also featured on the DVD Science of Fat, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

5 minute 32 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (54 MB)/ WMV (75 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (21 MB)/ WMV (21 MB)

Interview with Grant Barish

An interview with Grant Barish, a scientist in Dr. Evans's lab. Also featured on the DVD Science of Fat, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

5 minutes 50 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (60 MB)/ WMV (84 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (23 MB)/ WMV (22 MB)

Interview with Shirly Pinto

An interview with Shirly Pinto, a scientist in Dr. Friedman's lab. Also featured on the DVD Science of Fat, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

6 minutes 8 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (53 MB)/ WMV (76 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (21 MB)/ WMV (20 MB)

Polyp Removal

Dr. Vogelstein shows video taken during a colonoscopy and the removal of a polyp. Also featured on the DVD Learning from Patients: The Science of Medicine, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

36 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (2 MB)/ WMV (3 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (1 MB)/ WMV (0.9 MB)

Interview with Dr. Bert Vogelstein

An interview with Dr. Vogelstein. Also featured on the DVD Learning from Patients: The Science of Medicine, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

5 minutes 51 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (36 MB)/ WMV (51 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (16 MB)/ WMV (14 MB)

Interview with Harith Rajagopalan

An interview with Harith Rajagopalan, a scientist in Dr. Vogelstein's lab. Also featured on the DVD Learning from Patients: The Science of Medicine, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

4 minutes 50 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (63 MB)/ WMV (82 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (22 MB)/ WMV (22 MB)

Diversity-Oriented Synthesis

Diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) is a strategy used by chemical biologists to create a huge diversity of small molecules with potentially useful properties. A scientist working in Dr. Stuart Schreiber's lab shows us how engineering, computer science, chemisty, and biology are all used in DOS. Also featured on the DVD Scanning Life's Matrix: Genes, Proteins, and Small Molecules, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

5 minutes 41 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (37 MB)/ WMV (44 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (13 MB)/ WMV (12 MB)

Gene Chip Manufacturing

Dr. Eric Lander describes the process used to manufacture gene chips. Gene chips, also called DNA microarrays, have a broad range of applications in current research, including enabling researchers to measure the activity of thousands of genes simultaneously. Also featured on the DVD Scanning Life's Matrix: Genes, Proteins, and Small Molecules, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

1 minute 56 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (9 MB)/ WMV (11 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (4 MB)/ WMV (3 MB)

Microarrayer In Action

How a microarraying robot delivers hundreds of small molecules to a series of slides. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Scanning Life's Matrix: Genes, Proteins, and Small Molecules, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

1 minute 59 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (16 MB)/ WMV (22 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (6 MB)/ WMV (5 MB)

Interview with Dr. Stuart Schreiber

An interview with Dr. Schreiber. Also featured on the DVD Scanning Life's Matrix: Genes, Proteins, and Small Molecules, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

4 minutes 54 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (45 MB)/ WMV (65 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (17 MB)/ WMV (17 MB)

Interview with Dr. Eric Lander

An interview with Dr. Lander. Also featured on the DVD Scanning Life's Matrix: Genes, Proteins, and Small Molecules, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

5 minutes 30 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (87 MB)/ WMV (125 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (29 MB)/ WMV (32 MB)

Interview with Angela Koehler

An interview with Angela Koehler, a scientist in Dr. Schreiber's lab. Also featured on the DVD Scanning Life's Matrix: Genes, Proteins, and Small Molecules, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

4 minutes 40 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (42 MB)/ WMV (59 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (15 MB)/ WMV (16 MB)

Interview with Manolis Kamvysselis

An interview with Manolis Kamvysselis, a scientist in Dr. Lander's lab. Also featured on the DVD Scanning Life's Matrix: Genes, Proteins, and Small Molecules, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

4 minutes 29 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (52 MB)/ WMV (80 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (18 MB)/ WMV (18 MB)

Amoeboid Sperm of C. elegans

Video closeup of the C. elegans sperm that moves like an amoeba. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, The Meaning of Sex: Genes and Gender, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

10 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (0.8 MB)/ WMV (1 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (0.4 MB)/ WMV (0.3 MB)

C. elegans Mating

Video microscopy of mating between a male and a hermaphrodite C. elegansroundworm. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, The Meaning of Sex: Genes and Gender, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

56 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (2 MB)/ WMV (3 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (1 MB)/ WMV (0.7 MB)

Clonal vs Sexual Reproduction

What does a stack of fruits and vegetables have to do with the theoretical advantages of sexual reproduction? Find out in this demonstration with student audience members and Dr. David Page. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, The Meaning of Sex: Genes and Gender, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

8 minutes 55 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (63 MB)/ WMV (94 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (28 MB)/ WMV (26 MB)

Dosage Compensation in C. elegans

A demonstration by Dr. Barbara Meyer of how a branched genetic pathway can be affected by mutations in different parts of the pathway. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, The Meaning of Sex: Genes and Gender, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

8 minutes 55 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (25 MB)/ WMV (38 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (11 MB)/ WMV (10 MB)

Embryonic Cell Division in C. elegans

Time-lapse microscopy showing cell division from 1 to 2 to 4 cell stages in C. elegans with fluorescent chromosomes. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, The Meaning of Sex: Genes and Gender, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

1 minute 30 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (3 MB)/ WMV (4 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (2 MB)/ WMV (1 MB)

From Fertilization to Egg Laying in C. elegans

Video of the fertilization of the C. elegans oocyte, the fusion of the egg and sperm nuclei, and the egg laying. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, The Meaning of Sex: Genes and Gender, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

1 minute 12 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (6 MB)/ WMV (8 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (2 MB)/ WMV (2 MB)

Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)

Video microscopy demonstrating how sperm from an infertile male can be injected into a female egg. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, The Meaning of Sex: Genes and Gender, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

1 minute 15 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (7 MB)/ WMV (12 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (3 MB)/ WMV (3 MB)

Regulation of Sex Determination in C. elegans

A demonstration by Dr. Meyer showing how a balance of molecular elements trigger genetic pathways that determine the sex of a C. elegans worm. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, The Meaning of Sex: Genes and Gender, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

6 minutes 3 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (45 MB)/ WMV (62 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (19 MB)/ WMV (17 MB)

Sperm Motility

Video microscopy of sperm motility in an average human male and an infertile male. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, The Meaning of Sex: Genes and Gender, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

20 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (2 MB)/ WMV (4 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (0.8 MB)/ WMV (0.8 MB)

Interview with Dr. Barbara Meyer

An interview with Dr. Meyer. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, The Meaning of Sex: Genes and Gender, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

5 minutes 17 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (34 MB)/ WMV (51 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (15 MB)/ WMV (13 MB)

Interview with Dr. David Page

An interview with Dr. Page. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, The Meaning of Sex: Genes and Gender, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

6 minutes 31 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (40 MB)/ WMV (55 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (18 MB)/ WMV (14 MB)

Human Circadian Activity

This time-lapse videoclip shows human circadian activity while assembling a T. rex skeleton. Also featured on the DVD Clockwork Genes: Discoveries in Biological Time, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

47 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (8 MB)/ WMV (11 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (3 MB)/ WMV (2 MB)

Mouse Circadian Activity

This time-lapse videoclip illustrates a mouse's nocturnal behavior. Also featured on the DVD Clockwork Genes: Discoveries in Biological Time, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

41 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (2 MB)/ WMV (4 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (1 MB)/ WMV (1 MB)

Interview with Dr. Seymour Benzer

Are you a night owl or a morning lark? Noted researcher Dr. Seymour Benzer discusses how the difference between he and his wife sparked his interest in the topic of biological clocks. Also featured on the DVD Clockwork Genes: Discoveries in Biological Time, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

57 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (4 MB)/ WMV (6 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (2 MB)/ WMV (1 MB)

Interview with Dr. Ron Konopka

Dr. Benzer is joined by Dr. Ron Konopka for a brief discussion of how the per gene is involved in mammalian clocks. Also featured on the DVD Clockwork Genes: Discoveries in Biological Time, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

43 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (4 MB)/ WMV (6 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (2 MB)/ WMV (2 MB)

Interview with Dr. Michael Rosbash

An interview with Dr. Rosbash. Also featured on the DVD Clockwork Genes: Discoveries in Biological Time, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

4 minutes 55 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (33 MB)/ WMV (55 MB)
Small: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (13 MB)/ WMV (13 MB)

Interview with Dr. Joseph Takahashi

An interview with Dr. Takahashi. Also featured on the DVD Clockwork Genes: Discoveries in Biological Time, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

6 minutes 11 seconds
Large: Play: MOV / WMV  |  Download: MOV (30 MB)/ WMV (45 MB)
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Bacterial Growth

Dr. Brett Finlay shows how bacteria can grow rapidly to incredible numbers, and also explains what limits this explosive growth. Also featured on the DVD 2000 and Beyond: Confronting the Microbe Menace, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

54 seconds
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Cheek Cells and Bacteria

Dr. Brett Finlay enlists a student volunteer to show the surprisingly high amount of bacteria found in his own mouth. Also featured on the DVD 2000 and Beyond: Confronting the Microbe Menace, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

1 minute 27 seconds
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Listeria Infection Demonstration

Dr. Finlay and a student volunteer show how Listeria infects a cell, using a marble and some yellow gelatin. Also featured on the DVD 2000 and Beyond: Confronting the Microbe Menace, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

1 minute 4 seconds
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Listeria Video

This microscope video shows how live Listeria move via actin filaments in an infected cell. Also featured on the DVD 2000 and Beyond: Confronting the Microbe Menace, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

1 minute 7 seconds
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Penicillin acting on bacteria

Penicillin, as shown in this video, causes the cell walls of bacteria to rupture. Also featured on the DVD 2000 and Beyond: Confronting the Microbe Menace, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

33 seconds
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Salmonella Infection Demonstration

Dr. Finlay and another student volunteer illustrate how Salmonella infects a cell, using a marble, plastic wrap, and some yellow gelatin. Also featured on the DVD 2000 and Beyond: Confronting the Microbe Menace, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

1 minute 20 seconds
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Salmonella Video

Salmonella are a common bacteria associated with food poisoning. Dr. Finlay shows live Salmonella under the microscope to demonstrate how far and fast they can move. Also featured on the DVD 2000 and Beyond: Confronting the Microbe Menace, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

37 seconds
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Size Analogies of Bacteria and Viruses

Dr. Finlay and Dr. Richard Ganem use physical analogies to compare the size of bacteria and viruses relative to a standard mammalian cell. Also featured on the DVD 2000 and Beyond: Confronting the Microbe Menace, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

1 minute 43 seconds
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Transmission of Disease on an Airplane

Dr. Finlay, using his student audience, gives a live demonstration of how an antibiotic-resistant strain of tuberculosis managed to spread through the passengers on an airplane. Also featured on the DVD 2000 and Beyond: Confronting the Microbe Menace, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

2 minutes 4 seconds
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Virulence Injection Simulation

Using a bagel, a syringe, and blue dye to illustrate how some virulent strains of bacteria inject virulence factors into a cell. Also featured on the DVD 2000 and Beyond: Confronting the Microbe Menace, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

2 minutes
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Echocardiogram

Dr. Christine Seidman describes a live demonstration of an echocardiogram, with a description of the parts of the heart that are visualized. Also featured on the DVD Hearts and Hypertension: Blazing Genetic Trails, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

4 minutes 44 seconds
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Kidney Function

Dr. Richard Lifton, along with student volunteers, uses an aquarium and salt to illustrate the amount of work the kidney performs each day to maintain proper levels of ions in the body. Also featured on the DVD Hearts and Hypertension: Blazing Genetic Trails, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

4 minutes 29 seconds
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Enzymes That Are Not Proteins: The Discovery of Ribozymes

Listen to HHMI President Dr. Thomas Cech discussing his Nobel Prize–winning discovery of RNA's catalytic properties. Includes animations newly created for the discussion. Also featured on the DVD The Double Life of RNA, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

19 minutes
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Which Balloon Has Hydrogen?

Air is an invisible gas as are hydrogen and helium. How can you tell if a balloon contains hydrogen? Hydrogen has particular physical and chemical properties that can be tested. Dr. Cech enlists student volunteers to show how a chemical reaction can be used to identify a substance. Also featured on the DVD The Double Life of RNA, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

5 minutes 55 seconds
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Mr. Lincoln Glows

A catalyst is a substance that greatly accelerates a chemical reaction and yet does not directly participate in the reaction and is therefore not consumed. Dr. Cech uses a penny and a beaker of acetone to illustrate how a catalyst works. Also featured on the DVD The Double Life of RNA, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

5 minutes 40 seconds
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Oxalate Catalysis

Without an appropriate catalyst some chemical reactions would be so slow as to appear not to occur at all on the human timescale. However, when catalyzed, these reactions can be very dramatic. Dr. Cech shows a very colorful reaction involving oxalate catalysis. Also featured on the DVD The Double Life of RNA, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

5 minutes 54 seconds
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On Becoming a Scientist: Dr. Thomas Cech

HHMI President Dr. Thomas Cech discusses the path he took to become a scientist and his reaction to receiving the Nobel Prize. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, The Double Life of RNA, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

9 minutes 15 seconds
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